Pollution in INDIA

INDIAN POLLUTION

Extra-terrestrial bodies: cosmic particles and rays, chest produced due to the bombardment of asteroid materials, comets etc. with the earth.

Green plants: pollen grains of flowers.

Animals: Carbon dioxide from animals during respiration, Methane from cattle during digestion.

Fungi: Fungal spores, viruses

Domestic sources: Bituminous coal used as cooking fuel, charcoal and firewood also causes air pollution by producing carbon dioxide, carbon monoxides, and sulphur dioxides. These gases create a layer over the earth which allows penetration of the sunlight on the earth but hinders radiation from the earth surface and increases hot on the earth surface or simply we can say Green House effects.

Automobiles: The major source of air pollution in big cities and industrially advanced countries is the automobiles (smoke, fumes, emissions from different cars and motor vehicles).

Agriculture: Agricultural activities as crop spraying and dusting for pest and weed control are responsible for emitting organic phosphates, arsenic, and lead into the air.

Power plants: heat from the power plants, smokes, fly ash.

Most of the Indian big industries produce a large scale of polluted liquid emission which is normally wash out through a canal into river. A recent report describes that around 29,000 million liters of liquid dirt are produced daily in India whenever there have a capacity of 6,000 million liters per day. Directly or indirectly river is the main source of water. There have lots of rivers in India which are vastly polluted day by day due to lack of management by government. The most harmful elements which mainly polluted the river water are organic waste, sediment, mineral, nutrient, toxic chemical and many more.

Usually, the people of India mainly depend on agriculture works from the ancient age of the nation. After Indian independent in 1947, human lifestyle was gradually changed and they search for new sources of income to survive. From the year of 1981 Indian government provided many facilities to set up private industries. With the cooperation of government, last 30 years Indian private firms or industries increased vastly. Now, India is one of the best economically growing countries in the world.

The rapid growing industrialization is leading lots of environmental issues by its uncontrolled polluted emission. Other reasons of pollution in India are the destruction of forests, emissions of vehicles, land degradation due to use of poisonous insecticide for agriculture, shortage of natural resources, rampant burning of wood fuel and many more. Pollution is the main reason to lead lots of disease, health issues and long-term livelihood impact.

Indian pollutions can broadly classify into four major types namely Air, Land, Noise and Water Pollution. There are several industries in India which are marked as highly polluting like Aluminum smelter industries, Cement, Chlorine, Copper smelter, Distillery industries, Fertilizer, Iron and Steel, Oil refinery, Petrochemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Pulp and Paper, Thermal power plants and Zinc smelter industries.

Air Pollution in India

Air pollution is one of the most serious and dangerous issues of the World, which directly challenge to the global environment as well as the thread to the living beings. Normally, pure air consists, 78.084% of Nitrogen (N2), 21.946% of Oxygen (O2), 0.934% of Argon (Ar), 0.0397% of Carbon dioxide (CO2), 0.00182% of Neon (Ne), 0.0005% of Helium (He) and 0.0002% of Methane (CH4). When this normal situation of air changed due to the existence of harmful gasses like, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides, any hydrocarbon gases, sulphur-di-oxide (SO2), hydrogen sulphide and some greenhouse gases including extra carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane or other dust particles (mainly un-burnt carbon, lead, cement and asbestos), smokes, and many more, then the air become polluted, which are seriously disturbances on the global eco-system and environment.

As per the inclusion characteristics into the fresh air, all air pollutants are divided into two categories - primary pollutants and secondary pollutants.

Primary Pollutants: Primary Pollutants are those harmful gasses or particles, which are directly included into the air by nature or human beings. Sea salts, volcanic ashes and dust are some natural resources; on the other hands, exhausting gasses of vehicles, smokes and others gasses from firewood or biomass are some human resources of the primary pollutants.

Secondary pollutants: Secondary pollutants does not included into the air but create itself with chemical reactions of existing different primary pollutants, as well as reacts with the normal gasses or natural particle like water vapors. Sometimes it also generates after reacts with sunlight. Ozone, smog, sulphur-trioxide, nitrogen-dioxide, different hydrocarbons, etc. are some example of secondary pollutants.

Sources of Air Pollution

There are many reasons of air pollution, but mostly it is caused by cars, growing cities, development of economy and industrialization. We can be classified major sources of air pollutants are natural sources and human sources.

Natural sources:

Volcanoes: ashes, smokes, carbon dioxide, dust and other gases immersed into the air from the volcanic eruptions.
Land surface: salts spray from seas and ocean, dust and soil particles from the ground surface.

Man-made sources:

Industries: smokes,fumes,dust,particulate matters.

Nowadays air pollution is a common scenario to all developed and industrially developing countries. Indian air pollution is a quite serious issue for human life. Traffic jams and vehicle emission, industrial exhausting, smokes from biomass and fuel wood burning are major sources for Indian air pollutants. However, Indian per capita emissions of greenhouse gases is low, but it is the third largest greenhouse gases producer in the world, only after China and the United States of America. Which change the climate of India as well as direct effects to the human health.

Water Pollution

Land pollution in India

Land pollution in India is due to the poisonous pesticides and fertilizers as well as corrosion during 2009, the issue of Uranium poisoning in the state of Punjab came into light, caused by fly ash ponds of thermal power stations, which reportedly lead to severe birth defects in children in the Faridkot and Bhatinda districts of the state. Other main reason of this type of pollution is poor garbage disposal services in both the rural and urban areas of India. It is very common in India to find out a heap of garbage on the Street corners.

Noise pollution

Noise pollution is also very common in India due to negligence of government. There have rule in the country to not exceed the normal range (65 decibel) of sound to control the sound pollution. But, no one follow this rule and government also not strict about this. People rampantly use loudspeakers, mikes or any sound system without rules of govt. some other reasons of sound pollution are the noise of industries and vehicles.

Choking Cities of India